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long strtol(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base)
{
const char *s = nptr;
unsigned long acc;
int c;
unsigned long cutoff;
int neg = 0, any, cutlim;
/*
* Skip white space and pick up leading +/- sign if any.
* If base is 0, allow 0x for hex and 0 for octal, else
* assume decimal; if base is already 16, allow 0x.
*/
do {
c = *s++;
} while (isspace(c & 0xff));
if (c == '-')
{
neg = 1;
c = *s++;
}
else if (c == '+')
c = *s++;
if ((base == 0 || base == 16) &&
c == '0' && (*s == 'x' || *s == 'X'))
{
c = s[1];
s += 2;
base = 16;
}
if (base == 0)
base = c == '0' ? 8 : 10;
/*
* Compute the cutoff value between legal numbers and illegal
* numbers. That is the largest legal value, divided by the
* base. An input number that is greater than this value, if
* followed by a legal input character, is too big. One that
* is equal to this value may be valid or not; the limit
* between valid and invalid numbers is then based on the last
* digit. For instance, if the range for longs is
* [-2147483648..2147483647] and the input base is 10,
* cutoff will be set to 214748364 and cutlim to either
* 7 (neg==0) or 8 (neg==1), meaning that if we have accumulated
* a value > 214748364, or equal but the next digit is > 7 (or 8),
* the number is too big, and we will return a range error.
*
* Set any if any `digits' consumed; make it negative to indicate
* overflow.
*/
cutoff = neg ? -(unsigned long)LONG_MIN : LONG_MAX;
cutlim = cutoff % (unsigned long)base;
cutoff /= (unsigned long)base;
for (acc = 0, any = 0;; c = *s++, c &= 0xff)
{
if (isdigit(c))
c -= '0';
else if (isalpha(c))
c -= isupper(c) ? 'A' - 10 : 'a' - 10;
else
break;
if (c >= base)
break;
if (any < 0 || acc > cutoff || (acc == cutoff && c > cutlim))
any = -1;
else
{
any = 1;
acc *= base;
acc += c;
}
}
if (any < 0)
{
acc = neg ? LONG_MIN : LONG_MAX;
errno = ERANGE;
}
else if (neg)
acc = -acc;
if (endptr != 0)
*endptr = any ? unconst(s, char *) - 1 : unconst(nptr, char *);
return acc;
}